HASL vs ENIG: Which Surface Finish Should You Choose?

ENIG Process Overview. ENIG, short for Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold, is a widely adopted PCB surface finish known for its durability and long-lasting performance. This process involves the deposition of a thin gold layer over a nickel electroless layer, providing exceptional protection against oxidation. Advantages of ENIG. a.

High performance Cyanide-free Immersion Gold

The thicknesses of the electroless nickel and immersion gold layers were 4 5 m and 0.04 0.07 m, respectively. Gold and nickel thickness were measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. To examine the structure of the interfacial region between EN and IG, the IG layer was first stripped off from the ENIG deposits, using a

An Introduction to Electroless Nickel Immersion …

1. ENIG complies with all RoHS requirements. 2. Electroless nickel immersion gold has some great chemical properties contributed by nickel; and gold layer, which are surface planarity, …

Designing a High Performance Electroless Nickel and …

The latest highest reliability requirements demand a high performance electroless nickel and immersion gold (HP ENIG). The new IPC specification 4552A has refocused the industry with reference to nickel corrosion. The interpretation of the existing specification, that judges corrosion on 3 levels, is complex and if misinterpreted can lead to ...

ความรู้ การชุบนิเกิ้ลแบบไม่ใช้ไฟฟ้า (EN) โดยละเอียด

การชุบนิเกิ้ลแบบไม่ใช้ไฟฟ้า (Electroless Nickel plating) หรือ ที่เรียกกันทั่วไปว่า การชุบ EN คือ การชุบนิเกิ้ลที่ใช้การควบคุมการเกิดปฏิกริยาเคมี โดยไม่จำเป็น ...

Understanding the ENIG Finish: A Comprehensive Guide

31 Oct, 2023. Follow. Printed Circuit Board with Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold; Credits: sfxpcb. This article delves into the basics of ENIG finish, its application …

Electroless Nickel Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold …

Palladium is a hard precious metal that covers the underlying nickel layer and provides extra corrosion protection. The ENEPIG preparation process entails depositing a layer of nickel at a thickness of 3-5 μm followed by a palladium coating at 0.05-0.1μm. The final step involves the layering of immersion gold at 0.03-0.05 μm.

Improve advanced PCB performance with electroless nickel

Figure 1 shows the standard ENIG process flow involving cleaning/activation of copper surfaces, followed by electroless nickel (EN) and immersion gold (IG).As its name suggests, the EN is chemically reduced, using hypophosphite ions (H2PO2-). As a byproduct of this reaction, some phosphorous co-deposits with the …

Electroless Deposition: Theory and Applications | SpringerLink

where R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature, z is the number of exchanged electrons, F is the Faraday's constant, E ∘ is the standard electrode potential, A and B are reactants, and AB is the product.. Equation suggests that an electroless process takes place only if E ∘ > 0.On the other hand, this further means that from any …

Electroless Nickel / Electroless Palladium / Immersion …

The most dominant failure mode for gold-wire bonds in this study was neck-break above the ball. Failures related to the Ni/Pd/Au deposit (i.e. ball or wedge lifts) did not occur for gold-wire ...

Advantages of Immersion Gold PCBs: A Comprehensive Guide

The ENIG coating process is a dual-layer metallic coating consisting of an electroless nickel layer topped with a thin layer of immersion gold. This process is critical in ensuring the longevity and functionality of Immersion Gold PCBs. Nickel Layer Application. The process starts with electroless nickel plating.

The Characterization of Al Bond Pad Surface Treatment in Electroless …

Bonding strength, measured by wire bond bump shear test, of 4N gold wire on electroless OPMs, such as electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG), electroless nickel/electroless palladium (ENEP), and ...

Properties and applications of electroless nickel

electroless nickel. Thermal Properties. The coefficient of thermal expansion of electroless nickel coatings varies from 22.3 μm/m/°C at 3% phosphorus to 11.1 at 11% phosphorus.4 For comparison, the value for high purity electrodeposited nickel …

High performance Cyanide-free Immersion Gold

Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) is a widely used surface finish which is suitable for use as a solderable and aluminum wire-bondable finish, and also a contact …

Immersion Gold Plating: Enhancing Solderability, Corrosion …

Enhance your operations with our expertly-crafted, high-performance coatings and experience the difference today! Immersion Gold Plating is a vital process for electric, electronic, and wire bonding applications. This technique forms a thin, uniform gold layer over electroless nickel, offering excellent solderability, corrosion protection, and ...

Understanding the Failure Mode of Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold

The ENIG process involves galvanic displacement reaction in which Ni atoms dissolve from the substrate into the solution while gold ions are reduced on the electroless nickel substrate. 9 The overall process can be seen as a combination of two simultaneous electrochemical reactions driven by the potential difference between …

Hard Gold Plating vs. ENIG | Differences and Advantages

The hard plating process features a refined grain surface and harder deposits that emerge from the gold itself being alloyed with a different element — like iron, nickel or cobalt. ENIG plating, or "electroless nickel immersion gold" plating, is much closer to pure gold in that no other elements are used for alloy — making the ENIG ...

ENIG

ENIG is a process used to create an alloy of nickel, gold, and other metals. It is also known as electroplating, electroless plating or electrowinning. The process can be done at room temperature or with high temperatures. The most common form of ENIG is used in jewelry making because it produces a beautiful finish on silver, gold, and …

Interconnecting to aluminum- and copper-based …

The implementation of an electroless nickel and immersion gold process has a series of beneficial consequences [13]: 1. Creates a wire bondable surface. 2. Creates a barrier layer between the interconnect materials and I/O pad. 3. Protects the I/O metal from corrosion and oxidation. 4. Increases probe yield due to increased electrical …

Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) finish for next …

Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) for your next PCB project. ENIG, or electroless nickel immersion gold, is a surface finishing process applied to the copper pads on a PCB board to protect them from environmental conditions such as corrosion. This finish involves two layers: first, a nickel layer is applied to the copper layer, and then ...

Understanding the ENIG Finish: A Comprehensive Guide

The gold layer also provides a low-resistance electrical contact for the final assembly process. The immersion gold layer in PCB ENIG surface finish; Credits: pcbelec. The immersion gold process is a displacement reaction where the gold ions in the immersion bath displace the nickel atoms at the surface of the nickel layer.

Thiourea-Based Extraction and Deposition of Gold for Electroless Nickel

An immersion gold-plating process on electroless nickel substrate was investigated. The effects of gold salt, trisodium citrate, bath temperature, and pH on the gold-immersion-deposition process ...

Electroless immersion gold process | Transene

Immersion Gold CF is a two part system suitable for producing thin gold films on metal surfaces via an electroless immersion process. The cyanide-free formulation offers reduced toxicity and improved compatibility vs. cyanide formulations. Immersion Gold CF takes advantage of EMF potential differences to plate gold films with good adhesion.

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the PCBs production process, especially in terms of surface finishing selection, has to be properly characterized and understood in order to enhance the properties of the metallization for better component performances. In the electronic industry, the Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) process is one of the most used selective

Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) | Reversepcb

In an ENIG finish, the nickel layer serves as a barrier to the copper pad, while the gold layer protects the nickel during storage and provides low contact resistance. Typically, the nickel layer has a thickness of 4 to 7 µm, and the gold layer has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.23 µm. These thicknesses are specified by IPC-4552 for ENIG.

ENIG process | Umicore

ENIG process. Electroless nickel - immersion gold. Electroless nickel – immersion gold (ENIG) is a flat, solderable, metallic finish on printed circuit boards and ceramic substrates. It serves to protect the copper from …

A Novel & Cost-effective Electroless Nickel Immersion …

Keywords: Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold, gold layer thickness distribution, solder joints reliability, black pads (hyper-corrosion). ... of the immersion gold process on the nickel surface.

Development of an electroless nickel immersion gold process …

A new generation of electroless nickel immersion gold process has been developed that is targeted to solve the "Black Nickel issue". The development involved the understanding of the details of the nanostructure of electroless nickel, the interface between Ni and Au, Ni and solder, and the control of the porosity of the Au surface. A …

What is ENIG (Immersion Gold) in PCB Surface Finishes?

ENIG refers to Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold, or called Immersion Gold, ... In the permutation reaction of ENIG process, if the nickel surface get excessive oxidation reaction, the metal nickel might convert into nickel ions, while the larger gold atoms (radius 144 pm) irregularly deposit to form a coarse and loose arrangement, …

PCB Process: ENIG

Electroless Nickel / Immersion Gold (ENIG) Uyemura ENIG is the industry standard for uniform mid-phos EN deposits with a topcoat of immersion gold. A unique, reduction-assisted immersion process …